scratch

[skrætʃ]

v.抓, 搔（痒）, 划破, 划掉
n.抓痕, 乱写,抓的声音, 起跑线
adj.无让步的

vt.

1. 抓; 搔

He pretended to scratch his ear.

他假装搔耳朵。

2. 抓破, 划破; 抓伤, 划伤

His arms were scratched by thorns.

他的手臂被荆棘划破了。

3. (用爪子等)扒出, 挖出[(+out)]

The cat scratched a hole in the ground.

猫在地上扒了一个洞。

4. 擦; 刮

We scratched the paint off the wall.

我们刮掉了墙上的油漆。

5. 勾掉; 删去; 取消[(+off/out)]

His name was scratched from the list.

他的名字被从名单上划掉了。

6. 潦草地涂写; 乱划

He scratched a note and put it on her desk.

他草草写了一张字条放在她书桌上。

7. 划出, 刻出; 划掉, 刮掉[O]

He scratched his name on the bridge with a knife.

他用刀子将自己的名字刻在桥上。

8. (辛苦地)凑(钱)[(+up/together)]

vi.

1. 抓; 搔

The cat scratches.

这猫要抓人。

2. 作刮擦声

A dog scratched at the door to be let in.

狗嚓嚓地抓门要想进来。

3. 退出比赛; 未能践约

4. 勉强糊口[(+along)]

n.

1. 抓痕; 擦伤[C]

He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches.

他跌入荆棘丛, 弄得伤痕累累。

2. 刮擦声[C]

He heard the scratch of a match.

他听到划火柴的声音。

3. 乱涂; 乱划[C]

4. 【牌】零分[U]

5. 起跑线[U]

6. (竞赛等的)弃权者[C]

7. 【美】【俚】钱[U]

a.[Z][B]

1. 碰巧的, 偶然的

2. 凑合的, 匆匆组成的

Theirs is a scratch team and did not expect to win the game.

他们是临时组建的球队, 没有期望赢得这场比赛。

3. 打草稿用的

词形变化

名词: scratcher | 动词过去式: scratched | 动词过去分词: scratched | 动词现在分词: scratching | 动词第三人称单数: scratches |

词义辨析

同义:

vt.擦; 刮; 划出, 刻出

scrape  mark  cut  graze  score  scar  engrave  

同义参见:

grate  tick  scribble  scrawl  writing  sketch  

英英释义

名词 scratch:

an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

同义词：abrasion, scrape, excoriation

a depression scratched or carved into a surface

同义词：incision, prick, slit, dent

informal terms for money

同义词：boodle, bread, cabbage, clams, dinero, dough, gelt, kale, lettuce, lolly, lucre, loot, moolah, pelf, shekels, simoleons, sugar, wampum

dry mash for poultry

同义词：chicken feed

a harsh noise made by scraping

同义词：scrape, scraping, scratching

poor handwriting

同义词：scribble, scrawl, cacography

an indication of damage

同义词：scrape, scar, mark

动词 scratch:

cause friction

同义词：rub, fray, fret, chafe

cut the surface of; wear away the surface of

同义词：scrape, scratch up

scrape or rub as if to relieve itching

同义词：rub, itch

postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled

同义词：cancel, call off, scrub

remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

同义词：strike, expunge, excise

gather (money or other resources) together over time

同义词：scrape, scrape up, come up

carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

同义词：engrave, grave, inscribe

短语词组

from scratch

1. 从头做起

We had to start again from scratch.

我们必须再从头开始。

up to scratch

1. 达到标准

The piano player was not feeling well and his performance wasn't up to scratch.

这位钢琴演奏者身体不舒服, 他的演奏没达到平日的水平。

补充

scratchscratch英:[skrætʃ] 美:[skrætʃ]vt. & vi.1.抓, 搔The dog is always scratching.那只狗老是搔痒。He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.他有一种奇怪的习惯, 一讲话就搔耳朵。2.刮伤The brambles scratched my legs.荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。3.勾掉, 删掉I hope you are not going to scratch me.我希望你不会把我的名字从比赛中划去。n.1.抓; 搔痒His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。2.抓痕, 抓伤Her face was covered with scratches.她脸上有很多划痕。3.刮擦声I heard the scratches on the old records.我听到旧唱片的沙沙声。

例句

1. The dog had a good scratch.那只狗挠了半天痒痒。 2. I got away without a scratch.我毫发无损地逃脱了。 3. Dr Sinclair tells me it's only a scratch.辛克莱医生告诉我说只是一点小划伤。 4. She had a large scratch on her cheek.她脸上有一块很大的抓痕。 5. The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face.人们发现那个七岁小孩在哭, 脸上有一些抓痕。 6. There were no scratches on the paintwork.那幅油画作品没有任何划痕。 7. I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.我指了指地砖上的一些划痕。 8. We heard a scratch at the door.我们听见轻微的挠门声。 9. Building a home from scratch can be exciting and challenging.从零开始建造一个家, 既激动人心又富有挑战性。 10. Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.战后香港的制造业并非是从零起步。 11. crisp fried onion rings made from scratch every day每天新做的松脆炸洋葱圈 12. He was deemed 'not up to scratch' and asked to leave.他被认定为“不合格”, 因而被要求离开。 13. His work isn't up to scratch.他的工作未达到标准。 14. She's not up to scratch.她未达到标准。 15. My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.我妈妈总让我觉得自己达不到要求。 16. The team didn't come up to scratch.该队没有达到要求。 17. He guided a scratch team through to the FA Cup Final.他带领一支临时拼凑的球队打进了足总杯决赛。 18. We're a scratch team that's been thrown together.我们是一支临时拼凑的队伍。 19. You scratched one of my CDs once.你有一次把我的一张光盘给划了。 20. The paint was scratched on the passenger's side.副驾驶座一侧的漆被刮到了。 21. Knives will scratch the worktop.刀具会划到操作台。 22. Mackenzie scratched his name on a rock.麦肯齐在一块岩石上刻下了他的名字。 23. The branches scratched my hands and face.树枝划破了我的手和脸。 24. I scratched my hand on the rosebush.我在玫瑰丛中划破了手。 25. The cat scratched me.那只猫挠了我一下。 26. The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.那位老人撩起羊毛衫, 挠了挠肋下。 27. He scratched himself under his arm.他挠了挠腋下。 28. The wool scratches my skin.这种羊毛会刺激我的皮肤。 29. the sound of fingernails scratching a blackboard指甲刮擦黑板的声音 30. She scratched a hurried note onto a piece of paper.她匆忙在一张纸上写下潦草的几笔。 31. Acrylics will scratch if not treated with care.如果不小心, 丙烯酸颜料是会刮花的。 32. It is natural for cats to scratch.猫抓挠东西很正常。 33. I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching.我只好穿上长袖衣服, 以免自己挠痒痒。 34. It'll keep the wool from scratching.它可阻止羊毛对皮肤产生刺激作用。 35. They could hear the dog scratching at the door.他们能听到狗挠门的声音。 36. I can hear his pen scratching.我能听见他笔尖发出的摩擦声。 37. They wanted to scratch each other's eyeballs out.他们想你死我活地打一架。 38. He took off his cap and scratched his head.他摘下帽子挠了挠头。 39. He is left scratching his head and asking, 'But what did I do?'他百思不得其解, 问道：“我做什么了？” 40. Farmers barely scratch a living.农民们在勉强维持生计。 41. Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem.官员们说他们仅仅触及到了毒品问题的表面。 42. We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.我们只有两周时间游览马来西亚, 连走马观花都不够。 43. Even this fairly complex analysis only begins to scratch the surface.就连这一比较复杂的分析也是刚刚触及皮毛而已。 44. Whole networks were created on the 'you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' principle.完整的系统是建立在互帮互助原则基础之上的。 45. to scratch one’s chin with the index finger用食指勾了一下某人的下巴 46. to scratch one’s arm擦破了胳臂 47. to scratch the leg搔腿 48. to scratch a hole with the front claws用前爪刨洞 49. to scratch the glass with a diamond ring用钻戒划破玻璃 50. to scratch the road sign on a tree在树上刻上路标 51. to scratch one’s name on the register在登记簿上潦草地签名 52. to scratch some words from the sentence从句中删去几个词 53. to scratch one horse取消一匹马的参赛资格 54. My pen scratches.我的钢笔写字时刮纸。 55. The cat scratches at the door.猫咪在外面抓门呢! 56. My body scratches all over.我浑身上下哪里都痒。 57. to scratch for food刨土找食 58. to scratch and live on potatoes靠土豆勉强糊口度日 59. That horse scratched on the right day of racing.那匹马在比赛当天退出了比赛。 60. the car's paintwork was battered and scratched.汽车的油漆被刮擦得斑驳不堪。 61. [no obj.]he scratched at a stain on his jacket.他刮擦着夹克衫上的污渍。 62. her arms were scratched by the thorns.她的胳膊被荆棘划伤了。 63. I scratched myself on the tree.我被树划伤了。 64. Jessica lifted her sunglasses and scratched her nose.杰西卡抬了抬太阳镜揉揉鼻子。 65. I found two names scratched on one of the windowpanes.我发现其中一面窗玻璃上刻着两个名字。 66. pass me my writing things—I'll scratch a few letters before I get up.把我的纸和笔递过来——我准备起床前写几个字。 67. he scratched away the plaster.他刮去了石膏。 68. the dog scratched to be let in.狗嚓嚓地扒门要进屋来。 69. [as noun scratching]there was a sound of scratching behind the wall.墙后面有嚓嚓声。 70. he's still scratching around for a woman to share his life.他还在四处寻找可以共同生活的女人。 71. Tabitha wondered how long the woman had been scratching a living on the waterways.塔比瑟不知道那个女人已经靠这条水道坚持生活多久了。 72. many architects now scratch along doing loft conversions.现在许多建筑师靠改建阁楼维持生计。 73. the name of Dr McNab was scratched out and that of Dr Dunstaple substituted.麦克纳布博士的名字被划掉了，代替他的是登斯特布尔博士。 74. Jolie's Halo was scratched from a minor stakes race at Monmouth Park.若利的哈罗被取消了参加蒙茅斯公园少年下赌注马赛的资格。 75. due to a knee injury she was forced to scratch from the race.由于膝盖受伤，她不得不退出比赛。 76. banks seem prepared to scratch stabilization charges.银行似乎准备放弃稳值收费。 77. the scratches on her arm were throbbing.她手臂上的划伤阵阵抽痛。 78. [as modifier]scratch marks on the window.窗上的划痕。 79. it's nothing—just a scratch.没什么—— 一点擦伤。 80. he gave his scalp a good scratch.他使劲地挠头皮。 81. the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette.划着火柴点烟。 82. he was working to get some scratch together.他正在干活攒钱。 83. City were fielding a scratch squad.城市队派遣上场的是一支临时凑合的球队。 84. he built his own computer company from scratch.他白手起家，建起了自己的电脑公司。 85. they believe that if you scratch a homophobe, you'll probably find a racist.他们确信如果你剥去一个厌恶同性恋者的外衣，一个种族主义者的真面目就会暴露无遗。 86. research has only scratched the surface of the paranormal.研究仅涉及超正常范围的表面。 87. they have a boring image but scratch the surface and it's fascinating.它们有种令人生厌的形象，可是一旦调查起来，却很令人着迷。 88. her German was not up to scratch.她的德语还不行。 89. Don't scratch at your insect bites or they'll get worse.给虫子咬了别去搔，不然越搔越糟糕。 90. Could you scratch my back for me?你可以给我搔搔背吗？ 91. She sat and scratched her head as she thought about the problem.她坐着一边搔头，一边想问题。 92. The cat will scratch if you annoy it.如果你惹恼这只猫，它会抓你的。 93. The table was badly scratched.桌子被严重划花了。 94. The dog was scratching at the door to go outside.那狗在抓门，想要出去。 95. He scratched his name on the top of his desk.他把名字刻在桌面上。 96. I tried to scratch the paint off the table.我试图刮去桌上的油漆。 97. There's a scratch on the car door.车门上有刮痕。 98. The dog had a good scratch.那只狗痛痛快快地搔痒。 99. I'm learning Spanish from scratch.我正在学习西班牙语，从最基本的开始。 100. Will you scratch my back for me?你能不能帮我挠挠背？ 101. scratching the itch only makes it worse.越挠越痒。 102. The dog scratched its ear.那只狗挠了挠耳朵。 103. Maybe it's time to scratch the/that itch to travel I've had since I was a kid. [=maybe it's time to satisfy the urge I've had to travel]我从孩提时代就怀有去旅游的梦想，现在也许是时候实现这个梦想了。 104. You shouldn't scratch. It'll just make your itch worse.不能挠，越挠越痒。 105. The cat scratched me.那只猫把我抓伤了。 106. Thorns scratched our legs as we climbed through the briars.我们翻过灌木丛的时候腿被划破了。 107. "Careful, the cat will scratch."小心，这猫抓人。 108. The dog was scratching at the door.狗把门挠得沙沙响。 109. Be careful not to scratch the table.小心别把桌子刮坏了。 110. Someone scratched the paint on my car.有人把我车身的漆刮掉了。 111. The little boy scratched lines in the dirt with a stick.小男孩用一根棍儿在泥地上划了几道线。 112. They scratched their initials in the old bridge.他们在那座古老的桥上刻上了他们姓名的首字母。 113. She scratched a note to herself on a napkin.她在餐巾纸上潦草地记了点东西。 114. We had to scratch our picnic plans because of the weather.因为天气的缘故，我们不得不取消野餐的计划。 115. "We should go to the movies tonight. No, scratch [=forget] that. Let's rent a DVD instead."我们今晚应该去电影院看电影的。算了吧，别去了。还是租一张DVD看好了。 116. She was scratched from the starting lineup.她从首发阵容里被撤了下来。 117. He scratched out a living as a farmer.他是个农民，勉强维持着生计。 118. scratch off the gray box on the ticket to see if you've won!刮去票面上灰色方框区，看看你中奖了没！ 119. She scratched the gum off her shoe with a stick.她用一根小棍把鞋上的口香糖刮掉了。 120. He scratched his name off the list.他把自己的名字从名单上划掉。 121. I scratched out the mistake.我把错误的地方划掉了。 122. "You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours. [=if you do something to help me, I'll do something to help you]"你帮我，我就帮你。 123. "If you think she only did it for the money, you haven't even scratched the surface. [=there are many other factors, reasons, etc., involved]"如果你认为她这么做仅仅是为了钱，那你连问题的皮毛都没看到。 124. There's so much to learn about this subject. I feel like I've only scratched the surface.关于这个话题有太多需要了解的地方。我觉得我只触及了皮毛而已。 125. His odd behavior left us all scratching our heads. [=we could not understand his odd behavior]他古怪的行为让我们大家百思不得其解。 126. a long-handled back scratcher [=a device you can use to scratch your back]痒痒挠 127. There's a scratch in the paint on the new car!新车的漆有一道划痕！ 128. The table is an antique but it doesn't have any dents or scratches.这张桌子是古董，但它没有任何凹陷或划痕。 129. I got a scratch on my leg when I climbed the fence.我翻越围栏的时候，腿上被划了一道。 130. He escaped the fire without a scratch. [=without getting hurt; without any injuries]他逃离了火场，毫发无损。 131. The only sound in the room during the test was the scratch of pencils on paper.考试时房间里唯一的声音就是铅笔在纸上的沙沙声。 132. We don't have the scratch to buy a new car.我们一个子儿也没有，买不了新车。 133. bread/cookies made from scratch用自制原料做成的面包/曲奇饼 134. I used a frozen pie crust rather than making one from scratch.我用了一块现成的冷冻馅饼酥皮，而没有亲自动手做。 135. We will have to start the project from scratch.这项工程我们得从零开始。 136. He built the company from scratch.他白手起家创建了这家公司。 137. a scratch golfer [=an excellent golfer whose score is usually close to par]无让杆的高尔夫球员 138. a scratch team仓促组建的队伍