rough

[rʌf]

adj.粗糙的, 粗略的, 粗暴的, 艰难的,讨厌的,不适的
adv.粗糙地,粗暴地
n.粗制品, 暴徒, 高低不平的路面
vt.使粗糙, 殴打, 草拟
adv. 粗暴地

a.

1. 粗糙的; 表面不平的

Her hands were rough with work.

她的双手因工作而变得粗糙。

2. 毛茸茸的; 蓬乱的

3. 未加工的; 粗加工的, 粗制的

They built a rough model out of sticks and wire.

他们用木条和金属丝做了个粗制的模型。

4. 干粗活的; 需要体力的

5. 粗略的, 初步的[Z]

I had a rough idea where the sunk ship lay.

我粗略知道沉船的位置。

6. 粗暴的; 粗野的, 粗俗的

Martin had a rough manner.

马丁举止粗野。

7. 暴风雨的; 狂暴的; 剧烈的

The ship sailed in rough seas.

这船在波涛汹涌的海面行驶。

8. 粗陋的, 简陋的; 不讲究的

They lived a rough life on a small island.

他们在小岛上过着简陋的生活。

9. 【口】难受的, 艰难的

They have been having a rough time recently.

他们近来的日子很不好过。

10. (声音等)粗糙刺耳的; (酒等)烈性的; (药物等)强烈的

11. 【语】送气的

ad.

1. 粗糙地, 粗略地

2. 粗暴地

Do not treat a naughty child rough.

不要粗暴地对待顽皮的孩子。

n.

1. 高低不平(或杂草丛生)的地面; (高尔夫球场上生杂草的)深草区[U]

2. 未(或粗)加工状态; 粗制品[U][C]

3. 梗概, 要略; 草样; 草图[C][U]

The pencil is near the pile of roughs.

铅笔就在一叠草图旁。

4. 【主英】粗暴的人; 流氓, 暴徒[C]

5. 艰难; (生活的)苦难方面[U][P1]

vt.

1. 使不平, 使粗糙

This kind of cloth is easily roughed.

这种布容易起毛。

2. 使(毛发等)蓬乱

3. 粗制, 制……的毛坯[(+out)]

4. 草拟, 画……的轮廓[(+in/out)]

5. 粗暴对待; 殴打[(+up)]

vi.

1. 变粗糙

2. 粗鲁行事

词形变化

副词: roughly | 形容词比较级: rougher | 形容词最高级: roughest | 名词: rougher | 动词过去式: roughed | 动词过去分词: roughed | 动词现在分词: roughing | 动词第三人称单数: roughs |

词义辨析

同义:

a.不平的; 蓬乱的

uneven  bumpy  rocky  harsh  rugged  ragged  bristly  scraggly  scaly  coarse  jagged

a.粗糙的; 表面不平的

coarse  unsmooth  bumpy  choppy  shaggy  broken  uneven  irregular

a.粗暴的; 粗野的

harsh  rowdy  severe  fierce  difficult  gruff  brusque  rude  crude  curt  surly  blunt  tough  snippy  

同义参见:

hard  exigent  stony  inclement  approximate  wicked  caustic  violent  abusive  abrasive  drastic  stormy  angry  husky  strenuous  boisterous  violent  hoarse  uncultivated  wrinkled  unfinished  grim  

反义:

a.粗糙的; 不平的; 粗暴的

smooth  soft  even  straight  level  mild  gentle  

反义参见:

flat  placid  

英英释义

名词 rough:

the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

动词 rough:

prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

同义词：rough in, rough out

形容词 rough:

having or caused by an irregular surface

同义词：unsmooth

(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse

not quite exact or correct

同义词：approximate, approximative

full of hardship or trials

同义词：rocky

violently agitated and turbulent

同义词：boisterous, fierce

unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound

同义词：grating, gravel, gravelly, rasping, raspy, scratchy

ready and able to resort to force or violence

同义词：pugnacious

of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped

causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements

同义词：rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy

not shaped by cutting or trimming

同义词：uncut

not carefully or expertly made

同义词：crude

not perfected

unpleasantly stern

同义词：harsh

unkind or cruel or uncivil

同义词：harsh

副词 rough:

with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')

同义词：roughly

with rough motion as over a rough surface

同义词：roughly

短语词组

in rough

1. 大略地

Write it in rough and then copy it.

先起草再誊写。

rough and ready

1. 将就的

The living conditions were a bit rough and ready, as there were no beds.

住的地方比较将就, 因为没有床铺。

rough in

1. 大致画出; 草拟

I'll just rough in the shape of the head and you can paint the sky round it.

我把头形勾勒出来, 你可以在头四周画上天空。

rough on

1. 对……是不幸的

It's a bit rough on him, losing his toe.

他的脚趾断了, 真有点不幸。

rough out

1. 概略地画出; 草拟

I'll just rough out the whole picture and you can do the details.

我概略地画出草图, 你再把细节补上。

rough up

1. 弄乱

Don't rough up my hair.

别把我的头发弄乱。

补充

roughrough英:[rʌf] 美:[rʌf]adj.1.粗糙的; 不平的The rough road made the car vibrate.坑坑洼洼的道路使车颠得厉害。This paper feels rough.这纸摸起来很粗糙。2.粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的Football is a rough sport.足球是一种很剧烈的运动。His reply was a bit rough.他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。Don't be so rough with the child.对小孩不要这样粗暴。3.粗制的; 粗略的; 概略的As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.这块宝石未经琢磨, 他不知道加工后有多大。It's just a very rough translation.这只是一篇非常粗糙的译稿。4.(味道、声音等)令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的The little boy has a rough tongue.这个小男孩讲话很不中听。5.不舒服We had rather a rough time.我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。vt.1.过艰苦生活The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.那些探险者进入丛林后, 不得不过着艰苦的生活。

例句

1. My hands are rough.我的手很粗糙。 2. He felt the rough surface of the rock cutting into his knees.他感觉岩石粗糙的表面硌到了自己的膝盖。 3. She pulled a couple of rough brown paper towels out of the dispenser.她从纸巾盒里抽出几张粗糙的棕色纸巾。 4. The surgeon shaved off the rough edges through keyhole surgery.外科医生通过锁孔手术刮除了边缘上的凸起。 5. rough Weather Blues has welcome rough edges.《暴风雨蓝调》这张专辑中的几处小缺憾无伤大雅。 6. There are rough edges to be smoothed out.有一些瑕疵需要弥补。 7. His rough edges and bawdy humour magically vanished.他那粗俗的个性和猥琐的幽默竟然都神奇地消失了。 8. They had to scramble down the rough uneven path.他们只好磕磕绊绊地沿着这条崎岖不平的小路走下去。 9. Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.格雷丝缓慢地走过崎岖难行的路面。 10. The car is bouncing over rough terrain.汽车在高低不平的路面上颠簸而行。 11. The Cardiganshire corgi has a short, rough coat.卡迪根柯基犬长着蓬乱的短毛。 12. Looks as if we're in for some rough weather.看起来我们好像是注定会遇上恶劣天气的。 13. The weather was fine, but the water was rough.天气还不错, 但是水面波涛汹涌。 14. They collided in rough seas.他们在惊涛骇浪中相撞了。 15. The sea is too rough to cross today.今天风浪太大, 无法渡海。 16. The 1.9-litre diesel engine was a bit rough.这种1.9升的柴油发动机性能有点不稳定。 17. I grabbed her by the shoulders. Maybe I was too rough.我一把抓住了她的肩膀。或许是我太粗暴了些。 18. They have complained of rough treatment.他们抱怨受到了粗暴无礼的对待。 19. Gallart was warned in the first half for rough play.加拉特因为上半场动作粗野而被警告。 20. Rugby's a rough sport.橄榄球是一项粗野运动。 21. He's too rough with the girls.他对女孩们太粗暴了。 22. It's a rough area.这是个很乱的区域。 23. A further exchange of rough words is on the way.新一轮的唇枪舌剑就要开始了。 24. They have had a rough life.他们经历过一段苦日子。 25. It's going to be a rough day for me.今天对于我来说会很难熬。 26. It has been a rough couple of weeks.最近几周真不好过。 27. Joe and I are going through a bit of a rough patch at the moment.现在我和乔的关系有点紧张。 28. Their marriage was going through a rough patch.当时他们的婚姻出了问题。 29. Nick had a rough time at home.尼克在家吃了不少苦。 30. She has had a rough time of it recently.她最近的日子不好过。 31. Fishing is a rough job.捕鱼是个体力活。 32. He is still feeling a bit rough.他还是感到有点不舒服。 33. She looks rough! Has she been up all night?她气色不好, 是不是一晚上没睡？ 34. The teacher made her do the whole thing again, which was a bit rough.老师让她整个重做一遍, 这有欠公允。 35. It's rough if you live in a small village and they close the post office down.如果你住在一个小村子里, 而那里的邮局又关门了的话, 那真是岂有此理。 36. He got a rough deal in the divorce settlement.这份离婚协议对他不公平。 37. England have had a rough deal from referees in this tournament.英格兰队在本届大赛中受到了裁判不公正的判罚。 38. He let out a rough sound.他发出刺耳的声音。 39. Her voice was rough and loud like a man's.她的嗓音粗哑, 嗓门又大, 像男人的声音。 40. The cider is a bit rough and incredibly strong.这种苹果酒有点涩, 而且度数极高。 41. I took a sip of the red wine, so rough it made me shudder.我尝了一小口红葡萄酒, 那味道涩得让我直哆嗦。 42. She sat down at the rough pine table.她在那张粗陋的松木桌子旁坐下。 43. He had constructed a rough shelter of mesquite branches.他用牧豆树枝条搭了个简陋的窝棚。 44. Sand lightly to disguise any rough workmanship.用砂纸稍稍打磨, 掩盖一下做工不精细之处。 45. at a rough guess, with everything, probably £100,000大致估计一下, 什么都算上的话, 可能要100,000英镑 46. We can only give rough estimates.我们只能进行粗略的估算。 47. We made a rough calculation of the size of the dump.我们大概地计算了一下废物堆的大小。 48. The prices we quote are only a rough guide.我们的报价只是个大概的参考。 49. We'd worked out a rough plan of campaign.我们已制订了初步的作战方案。 50. I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.我大概知道他长什么样子了。 51. As a rough guide, an apple has around two grammes of fibre.作为大致的参考, 一个苹果约含有两克纤维。 52. The Russian visitor gave a rough outline of the proposals.这名俄罗斯访问者对提案进行了大致介 绍。 53. The rough sketch showed the position of the buildings.这张草图标示了这些建筑物的位置。 54. It often helps to make a rough sketch.画草图往往会有帮助。 55. He was rough on Jordan, according to members of the staff.工作人员们说他对乔丹十分苛刻。 56. The press has been rough on Don.新闻界对唐一直不友善。 57. The divorce was rough on all of us.这场离婚对我们都没有好处。 58. It wasn't long before Susan experienced the rough side of his tongue.没过多久苏珊就受到了他的责骂。 59. Boys will love playing in the rough with Tyco R/C Terrain Twister.男孩子们会喜欢在崎岖不平的地面上玩“泰克陆地旋风”遥控越野车的。 60. Sometimes he took a sketchbook and did roughs for future landscapes.有时他带着速写簿, 在上面画几张风景画草稿。 61. I'm supposed to present roughs in just over a week.我得在短短一周之后把草图交上去。 62. She would write it in rough and I could copy it out in neat.她会打出草稿, 然后我来把它工工整整地誊写出来。 63. The Purcells have some examples unrestored in the rough for under $1,000.珀塞尔商店还有些售价在1,000美元以下的未修复的样品。 64. Fabian was threatened by three roughs.法比安受到三个暴徒的威胁。 65. a gang of roughs一伙流氓 66. His drives kept landing in the rough.他打出的球总是落到深草区。 67. Sometimes you have to take the rough with the smooth.有时你得享得起福也遭得了罪。 68. We had to rough it for a while after I lost my job.在我丢掉工作之后我们不得不过了一段苦日子。 69. I am heartily sick of roughing it out here in the wilderness.我真是过够了在这荒郊野外苦熬的日子。 70. I spent some time roughing it in a Malaysian rainforest.我在马来西亚的雨林中艰苦生活过一段日子。 71. For the most part, we raise girls not to play rough.在多数情况下, 我们教育女孩子们不能动作粗野。 72. We can either keep it friendly or we can play rough.我们可以保持友好, 也可以动粗。 73. You want to play rough? Play rough with me.你想动粗吗？和我动一个试试。 74. She's run away. She might be living rough.她跑掉了, 有可能正露宿街头。 75. He looked like he'd been living rough for the last few days.他看起来就像最近几天都是风餐露宿似的。 76. She sometimes lived rough on the streets of London.她有时在伦敦的街头风餐露宿。 77. He slept rough out on the heath.他睡在灌木丛生的荒野上。 78. These are kids who have slept rough.这些孩子曾经露宿街头。 79. It makes me sad when I see young people sleeping rough on the streets.看到年轻人在街头露宿让我感到难过。 80. Hard household chores roughed her hands.繁重的家务劳动把她的手弄得很粗糙。 81. Don't rough them up in the game.They are still boys.比赛时别对他们撒野，他们还是些孩子。 82. He deliberately roughed the goal-keeper.他故意冲撞守门员。 83. He roughed in the buildings and trees with a pencil.他用铅笔勾画出建筑物和树木的轮廓。 84. She has roughed out the editorial for tomorrow's morning paper.她已经给明天晨报拟好了社论的草稿。 85. His daily work is to rough out the lenses for cameras.他每天的工作是制作照相机镜片的毛坯。 86. The centre forward of our school team was sent off the field by the referee for roughing.我们校队的中锋因动作粗野被裁判判罚出场。 87. take a square of sandpaper, rough side out.取一张方形砂纸，不光滑的那面朝外。 88. they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground.他们得运送受害者穿过崎岖的石头地面。 89. her skin felt dry and rough.她的皮肤摸起来又干又粗。 90. his voice was rough with barely suppressed fury.他的声音因难以压抑的怒火而听上去很刺耳。 91. pushchairs should be capable of withstanding rough treatment.幼儿推车必须能够经得起剧烈折腾。 92. the workmen hate going to the rough estates.工人们不喜欢到秩序混乱的庄园去。 93. the lifeboat crew braved rough seas to rescue a couple.救生船船员冒着汹涌的海浪救一对夫妇。 94. the teachers gave me a rough time because my image didn't fit.由于我的形象不符合要求，老师们让我吃了点苦头。 95. the first day of a job is rough on everyone.开始工作的第一天对于每个人都很艰难。 96. the altitude had hit her and she was feeling rough.海拔高度使她感到不舒服。 97. when he's feeling rough, he comes and talks things over to calm him down.当他感到焦虑不安时，他会过来把事情彻底地议一下使自己平静下来。 98. the customers sat at rough wooden tables.顾客们坐在粗制的木桌旁。 99. he had one arm in a rough sling.他的一只手臂绑了条临时代用的吊带。 100. the creature's body was covered with rough hair.这只动物的身子上覆盖着乱蓬蓬的毛。 101. she took care of him in her rough, kindly way.她照顾他虽不考究但很体贴。 102. he had a rough draft of his new novel.他的新小说写了个初稿。 103. rough paper.稿纸。 104. treat 'em rough but treat 'em fair.要粗暴但公正地对待他们。 105. his second shot was in the rough on the left.他的第二击是在左边的深草区。 106. I did a rough to work out the scale of the lettering.我画了张草图来确定刻印字的大小。 107. flat surfaces of wood are roughed down.木头平平的表面被粗刨了。 108. the engineer roughed out a diagram on his notepad.工程师在笔记本上草拟了个图表。 109. rough up the icing with a palette knife.用调色刀把（蛋糕上的）糖霜弄得凹凸不平。 110. the water was roughed by the wind.水被风吹起了涟漪。 111. she had had to rough it alone in digs.她不得不在寄宿舍里独自因陋就简地生活。 112. a diamond in the rough.一个未经琢磨的钻石。 113. even before the recession hit, the project was in the rough.甚至在遭受经济衰退袭击之前，这个项目已经处于困境了。 114. a rough-and-ready estimating method.一种粗糙但切实的估计方法。 115. you two stop quarrelling or you'll get the rough edge of my tongue.你们俩别争吵了，否则你们要挨我的痛骂。 116. the rough passage faced by the legislation.立法所面临的艰难历程。 117. rebel shareholders are expected to give officials a rough ride.反叛的股东预计要把高级行政人员折腾一番。 118. rough ground高低不平的地面 119. You can hold the baby, but don't be rough with him.你可以抱这婴儿，不过别粗手粗脚的。 120. The sea was rough and half the people on the boat were seasick.海上风浪很大，小船上半数的人都晕船了。 121. a rough estimate粗略的估计 122. Can you give me a rough idea of what time you'll be arriving?可以告诉我你大概什么时间到达吗？ 123. You look a bit rough -- are you feeling all right?你看来有点不对劲，没什么不舒服吧？ 124. One of the boys was told off for playing rough.其中一个男孩因比赛时动作粗野而遭受申斥。 125. You have to rough it a bit when you go camping.露营的时候你只好将就一些。 126. rough tree bark粗糙的树皮 127. a cat's rough tongue猫粗糙的舌头 128. He trimmed the rough edge of the paper.他把纸的毛边切齐整。 129. We traveled over rough dirt roads.我们走过崎岖不平的土路。 130. They hiked through rough terrain/country.他们徒步穿越高低不平的地带/乡间。 131. a rough [=bumpy] ride on an old wooden roller coaster坐了一趟颠簸的老旧木制过山车 132. We were a bit shaken from the plane's rough landing.飞机着陆时的剧烈颠簸使我们感到有点恐惧。 133. She's had a rough [=tough] life/year/time.她有过一段艰难的生活/岁月/时光。 134. He went through a rough patch/period after his divorce.离婚之后他经历了一段痛苦的时期。 135. They've hit a few rough spots in their marriage.他们的婚姻已经历过几次艰难时刻。 136. "Despite a rough start, the team won more games this season than last."虽然开局不利，但球队本赛季比上一个赛季赢了更多的比赛。 137. I had a rough night last night. [=I did not sleep well]昨天晚上我没睡好。 138. It was rough going [=things were difficult] for a while.有一段时间事情进展得不顺利。 139. Our ancestors had it rough [=had a difficult existence] compared to us.与我们相比，我们的祖先生活艰难。 140. He's having a rough time (of it). = He's going through a rough time. [=he is having a difficult time; his life has been difficult recently]他处境艰难。 141. The sea is rough today.今天海上风浪很大。 142. rough waters off the coast海岸边汹涌的海水 143. We ran into some rough [=stormy] weather.我们遇到了暴风雨天气。 144. These dishes are not made to withstand rough handling.这些盘子经不起磕碰。 145. The prisoners complained about rough treatment by the guards.囚犯们抱怨受到看守的粗暴对待。 146. She says the kids are too rough [=rowdy] when they play.她说这些孩子们玩起来太粗野。 147. He doesn't like rough sports like hockey.他不喜欢像冰球那样的粗野运动。 148. All right kids—no rough stuff. [=no behaving or playing in a rough way]好啦，孩子们，不准打闹。 149. Don't be so rough on them [=don't punish or criticize them so harshly] for making a mistake.不要因为他们犯个错误就对他们如此严厉。 150. I live in a pretty rough neighborhood/area.我住在一个非常危险的街区/区域。 151. He made a rough sketch of the house.他画出了这所房子的草图。 152. They built a rough [=crude] shelter out of branches.他们用树枝搭建了一个简陋的棚子。 153. He submitted a rough draft of the article.他提交了文章的草稿。 154. The project still has a few rough edges. [=the project still has a few things that need to be changed or finished]这个工程还有几处瑕疵需要改进。 155. The design is still a bit rough around the edges.这个设计尚有美中不足之处。 156. "If I were to make a rough guess, I might say there were 100,000 people at the parade."要是让我粗略估计一下，我会说游行队伍中有10万人。 157. a rough translation of a Chinese proverb对一则中国谚语的大致翻译 158. This sketch will give you a rough idea of what the house looks like.这幅草图会使你对这所房子的外观有一个大致的了解。 159. She has a rough voice.她的嗓音很刺耳。 160. I'm feeling too rough to go out tonight.今天晚上我感觉很不舒服，不想出去。 161. the roughness of the waves波涛的汹涌 162. surfaces with varying degrees of roughness and smoothness粗糙度和平滑度不等的表面 163. The engine is running a little rough.这台发动机的运转有点不稳。 164. Life has been treating her pretty rough.她生活一直不如意。 165. He plays rough with the dog.他常和那只狗疯玩。 166. people living/sleeping rough on the streets露宿街头的人们 167. He hit his drive into the rough.他把球发进了长草区。 168. He showed me a few roughs of the new building.他给我看了新楼的几幅草图。 169. "a gang of roughs [=rowdies, hoodlums]"一群暴徒 170. The plans were done in rough for preapproval.这些计划是为了预审而草拟的。 171. Some of the turquoise is polished and some is in the rough. [=not polished]有些绿松石已抛光，有些还未经加工。 172. He admired the beauty of nature in the rough.他欣赏原生态的自然之美。 173. "In this business, you have to learn to take the rough with the smooth."干这一行，你得学着既能享乐也能吃苦。 174. He was called for roughing the kicker/passer.他因为对踢球手/传球手动粗而被判罚。 175. rough in the lettering on your poster.在你的招贴画上大致地勾写上文字。 176. He roughed in the frame of the new door.他大致勾画出了新门的框架。 177. She was roughing it in the wilderness.她在野外过着艰苦的生活。 178. We'll rough out a general plan.我们会草拟一份大致的计划。 179. The prisoner claimed that he was roughed up by the guards.这名囚犯声称自己被看守殴打。