hard

[hɑ:d]

adj.硬的, 困难的, 棘手的, 坚强的, 残酷的, 用力的, 液态的,严寒的, 确凿的
adv.努力地, 强烈地, 严重地, 坚定地

a.

1. 硬的, 坚固的

The ice is as hard as rock.

冰像石头一样硬。

2. 困难的, 费力的[+to-v]

George is hard to get along with.

乔治很难相处。

3. 猛力的; 辛苦的

He gave the door a hard kick.

他猛力踢门。

4. 刻苦的; 努力的[B]

She is a hard worker.

她是一个工作十分勤奋的人。

5. 艰难的; 难受的

I know that he has a very hard life.

我知道他日子过得很艰难。

6. 冷酷无情的; 严厉的; 严格的[(+on)]

She is too hard on her pupils.

她对学生太严格了。

7. (气候)酷寒的

It was a hard winter.

那是一个严寒的冬天。

8. 【语】发硬音的(如c, g念成[k][g])

9. (水)硬质的

10. (毒品)毒性强的, 使成瘾的[B]

11. 确实的; 不容怀疑的[B]

We confronted him with hard facts.

我们把铁的事实摆在他的面前。

12. 【军】设重防的; (导弹发射场或导弹)设于地下可免受敌方空袭的

ad.

1. 努力地; 艰苦地

She tried hard, but failed.

她努力尝试过, 但未能成功。

2. 猛烈地; 重重地

It's raining hard.

雨下得很大。

3. 困难地; 困苦地

The old man is breathing hard.

这位老人呼吸困难。

4. 牢固地, 紧紧地

He held hard on to the rope.

他牢牢抓着绳子。

5. 接近地; 立即地

One misfortune followed hard on another.

不幸接踵而来。

词形变化

形容词比较级: harder | 形容词最高级: hardest |

词义辨析

同义:

a.硬的, 坚固的

firm  solid  strong  stony  rigid

a.严厉的; 严格的

stern  unyielding  strict  inflexible

a.困难的; 艰难的

difficult  arduous  rough  rugged  tough  complicated

a.严酷的; 讨厌的

unpleasant  harsh  ugly  severe  callous

ad.努力地

laboriously  strenuously  with effort  with vigor  

同义参见:

painful  iron  troublesome  marble  rigorous  formidable  wicked  exigent  stiff  exacting  violent  wretched  strenuous  resistant  stern  afflictive  relentless  

反义:

a.艰难的; 硬的; 严厉的

easy  simple  light  soft  limp  tender  gentle  mild  

反义参见:

kindhearted  tender  convenient  generous  compassionate  meek  

英英释义

形容词 hard:

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

同义词：difficult

dispassionate;

resisting weight or pressure

very strong or vigorous

同义词：knockout, severe

characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

同义词：arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome

produced without vibration of the vocal cords

同义词：unvoiced, voiceless, surd

(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source

同义词：concentrated

(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum

given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors

同义词：intemperate, heavy

being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content

同义词：strong

unfortunate or hard to bear

同义词：tough

dried out

副词 hard:

with effort or force or vigor

with firmness

同义词：firmly

earnestly or intently

causing great damage or hardship

同义词：severely

slowly and with difficulty

indulging excessively

同义词：heavily, intemperately

into a solid condition

very near or close in space or time

with pain or distress or bitterness

to the full extent possible; all the way

短语词组

hard on

1. 严厉对待

He is hard on the girl.

他对这女孩过分严厉。

hard up

1. 短缺; 缺钱

My parents were hard up during the 1930s but now they are well-off.

在三十年代, 我的双亲经济拮据, 但现在他们很富有。

I'm a bit hard up this week.

这星期我手头有点拮据。

hard and fast

1. 不容变通的

He stuck hard and fast to his principles.

他严守自己的信条。

补充

hardhard英:[hɑ:d] 美:[hɑrd]adj.1.硬的, 坚实的, 坚固的The stone is hard to the touch.这石头很硬。This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.这种糖太硬, 没人嚼得动。2.困难的, 难懂的Is English a hard language to learn?英语是一种难学的语言吗?The book is so hard that I cannot read it at all.这本书太难了, 我一点儿也读不懂。3.辛苦的, 努力的He earned a bare living by his hard work.他辛辛苦苦地工作仅够糊口。4.有力的, 猛烈的5.铁石心肠的, 冷酷无情的, 严厉的Good sports records come from hard training.良好的运动成绩是靠严格训练取得的。adv.1.努力地The young man worked very hard and soon began to get ahead.那个年轻人很勤奋, 他的事业很快有了进展。2.艰难地3.严重地, 猛烈地It's raining harder than ever.雨下得比以前更大了。

例句

1. The green apples were as hard as rocks.青苹果像石头一样硬。 2. His hands were hard and strong from years of work.长年劳作使他的双手粗硬有力。 3. It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have.很难说这一最新举动会产生什么效果。 4. The hard part is knowing who to trust.难就难在不知道可以信任谁。 5. Coping with three babies is very hard work.照看三个宝宝很辛苦。 6. I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker.我钦佩他是个真正的科学家和辛勤的工作者。 7. Her father was a very hard man.她父亲是个非常冷酷无情的人。 8. the hard look on Maggie's face玛吉脸上严厉的表情 9. It had been a hard life for her.对她来说, 那是一段艰苦的生活。 10. Those were hard times.那些是艰难的岁月。 11. He gave her a hard push.他用力推了她一把。 12. It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments.也许很有必要花一段时间冷静地审视自己的失意和怨恨。 13. We have no hard evidence to indicate that he is the culprit.我们没有确凿的证据证明他是罪犯。 14. There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance.有关亨利•普赛尔生平的可靠资料或许比文艺复兴时期以来任何其他伟大作曲家的都要少。 15. He is a hard man in business.他是个精明的生意人。 16. I am expecting a long, hard winter.我预计冬天会漫长而寒冷。 17. the hard left极左分子 18. The talks had been hard going at the start.会谈一开始就举步维艰。 19. California's been particularly hard hit by the recession.加利福尼亚受经济衰退的影响尤为严重。 20. plans to create employment in areas hard hit by the economic depression在受到经济萧条重创的地区提供就业机会的计划 21. Don't be so hard on him − it wasn't his fault.别难为他了, 这不是他的错。 22. It was hard on the children splitting up like that.这样的分离让孩子们非常难受。 23. His behaviour has sometimes been hard on the whole family.他的行为有时让全家人跟着受罪。 24. The grey light was hard on the eyes after the candlelit church.从烛光闪烁的教堂出来后乍看到灰色的灯光让人觉得刺眼。 25. Her manager is notoriously hard to please.她的经理是出了名的难对付。 26. I find it hard to believe that nobody heard me knocking.我很难相信居然没有人听见我敲门。 27. She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms made about her work.她觉得对她工作的一些批评难以接受。 28. Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory.天堂街是火车站附近一条拥挤的小街道, 紧挨着工厂。 29. After a hard day's work, I just didn't want to get my books out in the evening and study.辛苦工作一天之后, 到了晚上我一点都不想拿出书来学习。 30. The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.大堂行李员因被迫延长当班时间而感到很委屈。 31. The team are feeling very hard done by — it wasn't a fair decision at all.队员们都觉得很不公平, 这根本就不是个公正的决定。 32. Simon was a much harder nut to crack than Natalie.西蒙比纳塔莉更难说服。 33. The Kyoto Accord is one hard nut to crack.《京都议定书》晦涩难懂。 34. Which way the vote will go? It's hard to say.投票结果会怎样？这很难说。 35. It's hard to say what he'll do next.很难预料他接下去会怎么做。 36. It's hard to tell.这很难说。 37. It's hard to tell what the effect will be.会有什么影响还说不准。 38. He was really hard up and couldn't afford to eat out.他确实手头拮据, 没有钱在外面吃饭。 39. hard up for suggestions急需建议的 40. It's hard work serving in a shop.在商店做服务员很辛苦。 41. Looking after young children is very hard work.照看小孩是个苦差事。 42. I wanted her and she was playing hard to get.我想得到她, 而她却故意拿架子。 43. Christmas is hardly the time to put the hard word on the boss.圣诞节可不是向老板提要求的时候。 44. Maybe I just took it too hard.可能我真的对此事太过耿耿于怀。 45. The team always played hard.球队总是打得很卖力。 46. He drove hard left.他尽可能靠左行驶。 47. He was thinking hard about what to do next.他正努力思考下一步该怎么做。 48. Cherie was trying hard not to laugh.谢丽正强忍住不笑出声来。 49. She has fought hard to bring the case to justice.她拼尽全力要使此案得到公正的审判。 50. He kicked the ball too hard.他把球踢得太重。 51. I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.我对着垃圾箱猛踢了一脚, 结果踢断了大脚趾。 52. I've been working hard all day.我一整天都在努力工作。 53. Their victory was hard won.他们的胜利来之不易。 54. Prejudice dies hard.偏见难以消除。 55. Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity.莫顿先生无疑要比柯克比先生聪明, 但在受欢迎程度方面远不如他。 56. I'd be hard pushed to teach him anything.我很难教他点什么。 57. The snow was frozen hard.雪已经冻硬了。 58. It will go hard with you if you don't tell the truth.如果你不说实话, 会吃苦头的。 59. They had been hard at it since we arrived.我们到了之后他们一直在努力工作。 60. I've never seen Terry laugh so hard.我从没见过特里这么开怀大笑过。 61. We need to look hard at the reasons for these poor results.我们需要认真考虑造成这些不理想结果的原因。 62. Photojournalists need to look hard at how to approach the changing marketplace.摄影记者需要仔细考虑从什么角度来反映这一不断变化的市场。 63. He looked at me hard.他紧紧盯着我。 64. It was snowing hard by the time night fell.夜幕降临时已是大雪纷飞。 65. The concrete takes about 24 hours to set hard.混凝土要大约24小时才能固化。 66. a hard mattress.硬垫子。 67. rub the varnish down when it's hard.等清漆硬了以后把它磨平。 68. only a handful are hard enough to join the SAS.只有屈指可数的几个够坚强的人可以加入英国特种航空队。 69. hard facts about the underclass are maddeningly elusive.有关下层阶级的真实情况令人恼火地难以捉摸。 70. efforts to turn psychology into hard science.把心理学变成硬科学的努力。 71. a hard SF novel.硬科幻小说。 72. airship-flying was pretty hard work.飞船航行是很艰苦的工作。 73. [with infinitive]she found it hard to believe that he could be involved.她很难相信他竟会卷入其中。 74. he'd been a hard worker all his life.他一辈子努力工作。 75. everyone has been hard at work.所有的人都努力工作。 76. times were hard at the end of the war.战争结束后生活十分艰苦。 77. he'd had a hard life.他一生艰辛。 78. he can be such a hard taskmaster.他就会是这么一个冷酷的工头。 79. the hard left.极左派。 80. it's been a long, hard winter.漫长而严酷的冬天。 81. the hard light of morning.上午刺目的强光。 82. a hard whack.重击。 83. they work hard at school.他们在学校努力学习。 84. it was raining hard.雨下得很大。 85. the mortar has set hard.灰泥已经变干硬了。 86. put the wheel hard over to starboard.右满舵。 87. you're being too hard on her.你对她太严厉了。 88. I think the war must have been hard on her.我想战争一定使她吃了不少苦。 89. the monitor flickers, which is hard on the eyes.显示器闪烁不定，这对眼睛有害。 90. you'll be hard put to find a better compromise.你很难找到比这更好的折衷办法。 91. it would go hard with the poor.这会对穷人不利。 92. they were hard at it with brooms and mops.他们忙着用扫帚和拖把打扫卫生。 93. he lived hard by the cathedral.他住得离大教堂很近。 94. she would be justified in feeling hard done by.要是她觉得受到了虐待，这完全有道理。 95. there are no hard feelings and we wish him well.我们一点不怨恨，我们希望他好。 96. the studying is at times hard going.研究有时是很困难的。 97. Trinidad had been hard hit by falling oil prices.特立尼达受到石油价格下跌的严重打击。 98. if you don't like it then hard luck.如果你不喜欢它，那真是可惜。 99. hard on the heels of Wimbledon comes the Henley Regatta.温布尔登网球赛之后紧跟着就是亨里赛舟会。 100. I'm too hard up to buy fancy clothes.我手头太紧，买不起漂亮的衣服。 101. his reputation was earned the hard way.他的盛名来之不易。 102. The bed was so hard that I couldn't sleep.这张床硬邦邦的，我怎么睡也睡不着。 103. Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.在已知的矿物中，要数钻石最坚硬。 104. The first question in the exam was very hard.第一道试题很难答。 105. This book is hard to understand./It is a hard book to understand.这本书很难看得明白。 106. It's hard for young people to find good jobs nowadays.这个年头，年青人很难找到好工作。 107. I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept).我觉得很难接受他的看法。 108. It's a hard climb to the top of the hill.爬到山顶可不容易。 109. He's a hard worker.他工作很努力。 110. You have to be hard to succeed in business.事业要成功，非硬起心肠不可。 111. He had a hard time when his parents died.父母死后他有一段日子很不好过。 112. to have a hard day/life/childhood一天╱一生╱童年过得艰苦 113. The forecast is for a hard winter/frost.气象预报说，今年的冬天很寒冷╱有严重的霜冻。 114. Don't be too hard on her -- she's only a child.别对她太严厉，她还是个孩子。 115. Moving the office to the country is a bit hard on the people who haven't got a car.对没有汽车的人来说，把办公室搬到郊外有点不公平。 116. There are no hard and fast rules about this.在这方面，没有什么严格的规定。 117. ‘No hard feelings, I hope,’ he said, offering me his hand.“但愿你没有生气，”他边说边朝我伸出手来。 118. The government has taken a hard line on people who drink and drive.政府已经对酒后驾车的人采取强硬措施。 119. He worked hard all his life.他操劳了一辈子。 120. You'll have to try a bit harder than that.你还要加把劲。 121. It was raining/snowing hard.在下大雨╱大雪。 122. He hit her hard across the face.他狠狠掴了她一巴掌。 123. He was hard pressed to explain his wife's sudden disappearance.他的妻子突然失踪，他难以解释清楚。 124. He felt very hard done by when he wasn't chosen for the team.他没有入选为队员，心里忿忿不平。 125. hard ground硬地面 126. a hard bench/floor/shell硬长凳/地板/壳 127. hard cheese/rubber硬奶酪/橡胶 128. This bread is (as) hard as a rock. [=very hard]这个面包硬得像块石头。 129. That test was hard.那次考试很难。 130. a hard task艰巨的任务 131. hard work辛苦的工作 132. She was asked a lot of hard questions.她被问了很多难以回答的问题。 133. We're going to have to make some hard choices/decisions.我们将不得不做出一些艰难的选择/决定。 134. It's hard to solve this problem. = This is a hard problem (to solve). = This problem is hard (to solve).这个问题难以解决。 135. He's a hard guy to figure out. = He's a guy who's hard to figure out. = It's hard to figure that guy out.他这个人很难让人搞懂。 136. It was very hard to find a replacement for her.很难找到人顶替她。 137. Their story is hard to believe.他们的叙述令人难以置信。 138. It's hard not to worry about her.很难不为她担心。 139. It's hard to tell/know what she's thinking.很难知道她在想什么。 140. He was sentenced to five years of hard labor. [=time in prison spent in intense physical labor]他被判处服劳役五年。 141. He has learned a hard lesson.他已得到了惨痛的教训。 142. It's been a hard winter. [=a very cold winter with harsh weather]这是个严冬。 143. She has had a very hard life. = Life has been very hard for her.她生活很艰辛。 144. I had a hard [=tough] day at the office.我今天在办公室够辛苦的了。 145. "We've been having some hard [=poor, bad] luck."我们最近一直有些运气不佳。 146. She's stuck with them through all the hard times.在困难时期，她始终和他们在一起。 147. The region has been experiencing some economic hard times.这一地区的经济一直不景气。 148. "After years of success, their business has fallen on hard times."经历了多年的成功之后，他们的生意开始走下坡路。 149. His health has suffered from years of hard living.多年艰苦的生活使他的健康受损。 150. This old bicycle has obviously gotten some hard use.这辆旧自行车很明显用得够狠的。 151. "She's a hard [=diligent, energetic] worker."她是个勤劳的工人。 152. The plane made a hard [=jarring] landing.飞机进行了硬着陆。 153. He hit a hard line drive past the shortstop.他猛力击出一个平直球，越过了游击手。 154. A hard rain was falling.正在下暴雨。 155. He was knocked out by a hard right to the jaw.他被对手有力的右手拳击中下颌，倒下了。 156. hard acceleration猛烈加速 157. hard braking急刹车 158. a hard left turn左急转弯 159. The jeweler gave the gem a long hard look. [=the jeweler looked at the gem very closely and carefully]珠宝商仔细认真地观察这块宝石。 160. Investors are taking a very hard look at how the company does business.投资者正在密切关注这家公司的运作情况。 161. Those are the (cold) hard facts of the case.那些是有关该案的确凿事实。 162. She is still collecting hard data on the software's performance.她仍在收集有关这个软件性能的确凿数据。 163. "It's an interesting theory, but there is no hard evidence that supports it."这是个有趣的理论，但它缺乏确凿的证据支持。 164. He's a hard man.他是个冷酷无情的人。 165. a hard taskmaster冷酷无情的工头 166. She has an extremely hard [=unfeeling] heart.她是个铁石心肠的人。 167. He's as hard as nails. [=he's very hard or tough]他非常严酷无情。 168. hard [=harsh] words严厉的言辞 169. "a member of the hard [=far, extreme] right/left"极右派/极左派成员 170. They only report hard news.他们只报道严肃新闻。 171. hard liquor烈性酒 172. the hard stuff烈酒 173. hard cider/lemonade含酒精的苹果汁/柠檬水 174. cocaine and other hard drugs可卡因和其他烈性毒品 175. hard water硬水 176. trying to soften the hard edges of the image力图使这幅图像生硬的边缘变柔和 177. hard lighting刺眼的灯光 178. "the cold, hard light of day"白天寒冷、刺眼的光亮 179. "The “g” in “gorilla” is hard, but the “g” in “giant” is soft."字母g在gorilla一词中是硬音，但在giant一词中是软音。 180. the hard “c” in “cat”*cat一词中的硬音c 181. hard [=muscular] bodies强壮的身体 182. They gave him a hard time about quitting the team.他们对他擅自退队提出批评。 183. She felt/had no hard feelings towards him.她不生他的气。 184. The court's decision has caused a lot of hard feelings.法院判决引发了公愤。 185. “I'm sorry I broke our date last night.” “That's OK; no hard feelings.”“很抱歉昨晚我失约了。”“没关系，我不介意。” 186. "“So, we're still friends, right? No hard feelings?”"“那，我们仍然是朋友，对吗？你不生气吧？” 187. He has become a little hard of hearing in his old age.他年纪大了，耳朵有点背。 188. Reading in dim light is hard on your eyes. [=it puts a strain on your eyes; it is not good for them]在昏暗的光线下读书对视力有害。 189. This kind of work can be hard on your back.这种工作会损伤背部。 190. "These past few months have been hard on everyone, but things should get better soon."过去的数月对每个人来说压力都很大，但一切应该很快就会好起来。 191. Don't be too hard on the boy. [=don't judge or treat the boy too harshly]不要对这个男孩太严厉。 192. She is sometimes too hard on herself.她有时过于苛待自己。 193. There's no need to be so hard on yourself—you did the best you could.没必要如此苛待自己——你已经尽力了。 194. We're pretty hard up these days.这些日子我们相当缺钱。 195. She always seems to be hard up for cash.她似乎总是缺钱。 196. He's hard up for friends. [=he has few friends]他朋友很少。 197. She's having a hard time adjusting to college life.她正在艰难地适应大学生活。 198. The school has had a hard time recruiting substitute teachers.这所学校很难请到代课老师。 199. He's been having a hard time with his research paper.他一直在为完成他的研究报告苦战。 200. He found out the hard way that crime doesn't pay. [=he found out by being punished for his crimes]他受到惩罚才明白犯罪没有好结果。 201. She insisted on doing things the hard way.她坚持做事情不投机取巧。 202. You have to work hard in order to succeed.要想成功，你就必须努力工作。 203. I know how hard she tried.我知道她已经很努力了。 204. She ran as hard as she could.她拼命地跑。 205. working/studying/fighting hard努力工作/学习/拼搏 206. We've thought long and hard about this problem.我们对这个问题进行了长时间的认真思考。 207. You shouldn't disturb her while she's hard at work.她认真工作时你不应该打搅她。 208. We're hard at work on the new project.我们全力以赴做这个新项目。 209. He hit the ball hard.他用力击球。 210. a hard-hit ball一个大力击球 211. The ball hit him hard on the wrist.球狠狠地砸在他的手腕上。 212. He pressed his nose hard against the window.他把鼻子紧贴在窗户上。 213. swallowing hard用力吞下 214. "She pushed hard against the door, but it wouldn't open."她用力推门，但就是推不开。 215. The wind was blowing hard.风猛烈地刮着。 216. The snow/rain came down hard.雪/雨下得很大。 217. The dog bit down hard on the thief's hand.那只狗死咬着小偷的手不放。 218. She was breathing hard.她气喘吁吁。 219. laughing/crying hard大笑；大哭 220. His business was hit hard by the recession.他的生意受到经济衰退的严重打击。 221. Her sudden death hit them hard.她的突然去世对他们打击很大。 222. She took it hard [=she was very upset] when he left.他离开后，她感到很伤心。 223. We took the defeat hard.我们对这次失利感到很伤心。 224. He looked hard into her eyes.他直盯盯地注视着她的眼睛。 225. He fell hard for the girl next door.他完全为邻家的那个女孩所倾倒。 226. The school stood hard by a church.学校紧挨着一座教堂。 227. He felt very hard done by when he was laid off after many years of faithful service.忠心耿耿工作多年却遭解雇，他感觉受到了很不公平的对待。