by

[bai]

prep.靠近, 通过, 被, 经由
adv.经过, 在旁边, 靠近

prep.

1. 被, 由

The homework was assigned by the teacher.

这些家庭作业是老师布置的。

2. 靠, 用, 通过

They crossed the river by ferry.

他们乘渡船过了河。

3. 经由; 沿

Ellen flew to Chicago by way of Minneapolis.

艾伦经由明尼阿波利斯飞往芝加哥。

4. 在……旁边, 靠近; 在……手边

I haven't got any money by me.

我身边没有带钱。

5. 不迟于; 在……之前

We had to get there by evening.

我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。

6. 根据, 按照

How do you know he didn't act by the rules?

你怎么知道他没有按规定行事?

7. (表程度)相差

He missed the bus by three minutes.

他晚了三分钟没赶上那班公车。

8. 凭, 对……(发誓)

I swear by God!

我对上帝发誓!

9. (乘除法上)以……, 用……(乘或除)

Nine divided by three makes three.

九除以三得三。

10. 以……计, 按

You'll be paid by the hour.

你的工资将按时计酬。

11. 在……的时候

He had to sleep by day and work by night.

他只好白天睡觉, 晚上工作。

12. 就……来说, 关于

Philip is a doctor by profession.

菲利浦的职业是医生。

13. (表连续或反复)逐个; 逐批

The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence.

教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。

14. 由于

She took my umbrella by mistake.

她误拿了我的伞。

ad.

1. 经过; 过去

A truck went by.

一辆卡车开过。

2. 在旁边

When I filled out the form she was standing by all the time.

我填写表格时, 她一直站在我身旁。

3. (放)在一边

They put money by for later use.

他们储存钱以备将来使用。

4. 【美】【口】到(或进入)某人的家

Please come by and have dinner with us.

请到我家来一起吃晚饭。

词义辨析

同义:

prep.在……旁边, 靠近

near  beside  at  

同义参见:

through  over  on  of  

英英释义

副词 by:

so as to pass a given point

同义词：past

in reserve; not for immediate use

同义词：aside, away

短语词组

by and by

1. 不久

He'll come back by and by.

他不久就会回来。

by and large

1. 总的说来

By and large, your idea is a good one.

总的说来你的看法不错。

补充

byby英:[bai] 美:[baɪ]prep.1.(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。2.(表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。3.(表示方向)从…中经过They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。4.(表示方式)搭乘, 通过; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。By temperament he was an artist.从气质上看, 他是一位画家。They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。By God he's done it!老天为证, 他确实做了此事。I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。5.(表示原因)随…而来The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校长的准许, 会议将在学校大厅举行。6.(表示方位)偏于The steamer will go west by north.这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。7.(表示环境)借着…光亮They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。8.(表示关涉)经过I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。9.(表示程度)以…之差We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。adv.1.在近旁He stole the money when no one was by.他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了。2.经过, 走过He hurried by without speaking to me.他匆匆经过, 没有跟我说话。Excuse me, I can't get by.抱歉, 请让我过去。3.保留I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.我平时总存放一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。

例句

1. The thieves were caught by the police.小偷们被警察逮住了。 2. He was killed by lightning.他死于雷击。 3. a painting by Picasso一幅毕加索的画 4. You can pay by credit card.你可以用信用卡付账。 5. I came by car.我开车来的。 6. We got here by train.我们是乘火车来的。 7. by saving hard, he was able to afford a holiday.通过努力存钱, 他终于有足够的钱度假了。 8. She is a nurse by profession.她的职业是护士。 9. Many wild flowers are protected by law.很多野花受法律保护。 10. It's a remarkable result by any standard.以任何标准来衡量, 这都是一个了不起的结果。 11. Never pick a rabbit up by its ears.拎兔子的时候千万不要抓耳朵。 12. Where's the bank?–It's just by the post office.银行在哪儿？——就在邮局旁边。 13. She sat by his bed.她坐在他的床边。 14. A car passed close by me.一辆车贴着我开了过去。 15. I called by her office, hoping to find her there.我顺道去了她的办公室, 希望能在那儿找到她。 16. We have to be there by 4 o'clock.我们得在4点之前到那儿。 17. by the time I got there it was too late.等到我到达那里的时候, 一切都太晚了。 18. Dinner will be ready by the time you get back.你们回来的时候晚餐将会准备好了。 19. by the metre按米计 20. by the hour按小时计 21. Staff are paid by the hour.向员工支付的是时薪。 22. Eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打卖。 23. Multiply by 0.65 to get the price in US dollars.换算美元价格需乘以0.65。 24. 24 divided by 8 is 3.24除以8得3。 25. Photos measure 130mm by 180mm.照片大小是130毫米乘180毫米。 26. Pay has been cut by one-third.薪水被削减了三分之一。 27. It's wider by a metre.宽增加了一米。 28. The bullet missed him by inches.子弹差几英寸就打中他了。 29. The crisis deepens almost by the hour.危机几乎每个小时都在加深。 30. Day by day his condition worsened.他的情况每况愈下。 31. Add the olive oil drop by drop.一滴一滴地加橄榄油。 32. We came by Dover.我们取道多佛来的。 33. It's 3 o'clock by my watch.我的表显示是3点钟。 34. That's fine by me.在我看来很好。 35. sitting by himself in a corner独自坐在角落里 36. I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.我不知道自己是否能够独自养大一个孩子。 37. I did it all by myself.全是我自己做的。 38. She drove by in her new car.她开着新车驶过。 39. I'll drop by on my way home.我会在回家时顺路拜访。 40. to stand by the wall站在墙边 41. a house by a river河畔的房子 42. I have got some money by me.我身边有些钱。 43. to travel by night在夜间旅行 44. to work by day在白天工作 45. to work by the hour按钟点工作 46. Be back by ten o'clock.10点以前回来。 47. We usually finish work by six o'clock.我们通常在6点钟之前完成工作。 48. Jack and Mary walked by moonlight.杰克和玛丽在月光下散步。 49. to New Jersey by the Holland Tunnel经霍兰隧道去新泽西州 50. to march by the reviewing stand在观礼台旁列队通过 51. They went by the church.他们从教堂旁边走过。 52. north by west北偏西 53. to sail NE by N向东北偏北方向航行 54. to do well by a friend待朋友好 55. She did well by her child.她待孩子好。 56. I know her by sight.我与她只是面熟(并不熟识)。 57. gained by fraud靠欺诈得到 58. to go by the book照书本行事 59. That is a bad book by any standards.不论根据什么标准，那都是一部坏书。 60. marching two by two两个两个地行进 61. little by little一点点地 62. to grow dark by degrees渐渐地变暗 63. by your leave请允许我；对不起 64. apples by the pack大量的苹果 65. a room 12 feet by 14 feet一个宽12英尺长14英尺的房间 66. multiply 10 by 4用4乘以10 67. devide a by b用b除a 68. He arrived by air.他坐飞机到达了。 69. They went by ship.他们坐船去。 70. They won the game by forfeit.他们因怕受罚而赢得了那场比赛。 71. I met her by chance.我偶然碰到她。 72. I am paid by the month.我按月领工资 73. Grains are sold by the bushel.谷物论蒲式耳出售。 74. She's taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。 75. The new boat is larger than the old one by a great deal.新船比旧船大得多。 76. He was very generous by nature.他生性慷慨大方。 77. Mary had a son by Harry.玛丽给哈里生了一个儿子。 78. John II by John约翰二世为约翰之子 79. to swear by all that is sacred当着一切神圣的东西发誓 80. Drop by my home this evening.今晚到我家来谈谈。 81. I'll give you a dinner by that restaurant.我到那家餐馆去请你吃顿饭。 82. by her own account she was in New York at the time.据她自己说，她当时在纽约。 83. the door was opened by my cousin Annie.门是被我表妹安妮打开的。 84. damage caused by fire.火造成的毁坏。 85. further attacks by the Mob.黑手党的进一步攻击。 86. a clear decision by the electorate.选民所作的明确决定。 87. a book by Ernest Hemingway.海明威写的一本书。 88. malaria can be controlled by attacking the parasite.疟疾可用消杀寄生虫的方法加以控制。 89. substantiating their opinions by the use of precise textual reference.用准确的原文引语来证实他们的观点。 90. they plan to provide further working capital by means of borrowing.他们打算用借款的方法来提供更多流动资金。 91. what is meant by ‘fair’ ?.“fair”是什么意思？。 92. she mostly calls me by my last name.她通常叫我的姓。 93. the cost of travelling by bus.乘汽车旅行的花费。 94. travelling by road to Aylsham.乘汽车去艾尔舍姆。 95. Richard is his son by his third wife.理查德是他和第三位妻子所生的儿子。 96. a black filly by Goldfuerst.金费尔斯特所生的黑牝马。 97. I heard by chance that she has married again.我偶然听说她又结婚了。 98. Anderson, by contrast, rejects this view.相反，安德森拒绝接受这个观点。 99. she ate by candlelight.她在烛光下就餐。 100. the shot missed her by miles.那一枪没打中她，差了十万八千里。 101. the raising of VAT by 2.5%.增值税提高2.5%。 102. billing is by the minute.以分钟计账。 103. the drunken yobbos who turned up by the cartload.一车一车出现的醉酒无赖。 104. colours changing minute by minute.每分钟都在变化的颜色。 105. the risk becomes worse by the day.危险与日俱增。 106. a breakdown of employment figures by age and occupation.按年龄和职业划分的就业数据分类。 107. a map measuring 400 by 600 mm.一幅400乘600毫米的地图。 108. she multiplied it by 89.她把它乘以89。 109. I've got to do this report by Monday.我星期一之前必须做汇报。 110. by now Kelly needed extensive physiotherapy.到这时，凯利需要做全面的理疗了。 111. remains were discovered by the roadside.残骸在路边被发现。 112. the pram was by the dresser.婴儿车在带镜衣橱旁边。 113. I drove by our house.我开车经过我们家。 114. this animal always hunts by night.这种动物总在夜间捕食。 115. anything you do is all right by me.你做的任何事依我看都是对的。 116. she had done her duty by him.她已尽了对他的义务。 117. it was the least he could do, by God.这是他所能做的最起码的事情了，上帝可作证。 118. a car flashed by on the other side of the road.一辆汽车在路的另一边飞驰而过。 119. he let only a moment go by.他只休息了片刻。 120. where's Hector, by the by?.顺便问一句，赫克托在哪？。 121. mammals have, by and large, bigger brains than reptiles.总的说来，哺乳动物的脑比爬行动物大。 122. living in Farley Court by himself.他独自住在法利大楼。 123. the patient often learns to undress by himself.病人常要学习自己脱衣服。 124. Come and sit by me.来坐在我身边。 125. We stayed in a cottage by the sea.我们下榻在海边一所小屋。 126. The shops are close by.商店就在附近。 127. He walked straight by me without speaking.他从我身边直走过去，话也不说。 128. We stopped to let the ambulance get by.我们停下来让救护车驶过。 129. I'll be home by 7 o'clock.7点前我会回到家里。 130. He should have telephoned by now/by this time.这个时候他该打了电话才是。 131. by day we covered about thirty miles and by night we rested.我们白天走三十英里左右的路，晚上便停下来休息。 132. The electricity went off so we had to work by candlelight.停电了，我们不得不在烛光下工作。 133. She was knocked down by a car.她被汽车撞倒。 134. The event was organized by local people.这件盛事由当地人士举办。 135. I was deeply shocked by the news.那消息叫我十分震惊。 136. Who was the book written by?/Who is the book by?这本书是谁写的？ 137. You can get hold of me by phoning this number.拨这个电话号码可以找到我。 138. Will you be paying by cheque?你用支票付款吗？ 139. The house is heated by electricity.这房子靠电力供应暖气。 140. ‘How do you go to work?’ ‘by train, usually.’“你怎么上班？”“通常搭火车。” 141. by bus/car/plane/bicycle坐公共汽车；坐汽车；坐飞机；骑自行车 142. We went in by the back door.我们是从后门进去。 143. I got on the wrong bus by mistake/accident.我不小心上错了公共汽车。 144. I met an old friend by chance.我碰见了一个老朋友。 145. It's 8 o'clock by my watch.我的表现在是8点钟。 146. by law you have to attend school from the age of five.法定入学年龄是五岁。 147. She's French by birth.她是法裔。 148. He's a doctor by profession.他以行医为业。 149. 4 multiplied by 5 is 20.4乘以5得20。 150. 6 divided by 2 is 3.6除以2得3。 151. The table is six feet by three feet (= six feet long and three feet wide).桌子长六英尺宽三英尺。 152. You can rent a car by the day, the week or the month.你可按日、按周或按月租车。 153. Copies of the book have sold by the million.这书已经售出上百万册。 154. They came in one by one.他们鱼贯而入。 155. Day by day she was getting better.她的病情日见好转。 156. Prices have gone up by 10 per cent.价格涨了一成。 157. I missed the bus by a few minutes.我差几分钟没有赶上那班车。 158. He grabbed me by the arm.他一把拉住我的胳膊。 159. She was standing by [=beside] the window.她站在窗边。 160. His wife was sitting by him.妻子坐在他旁边。 161. They have a house by the lake.他们在湖边有座房子。 162. The bus went right by him without stopping.公共汽车从他身边驶过没有停下。 163. Some friends stopped/came by our house for a chat.几个朋友到我们家来聊天。 164. Why don't you come by my place later?何不稍后来我家坐坐？ 165. The decision was made by the company president. [=the company president made the decision]这个决定是由公司总裁做出的。 166. Coal has been replaced by oil. [=oil has replaced coal]煤炭已经被石油取代。 167. He was killed by a falling rock. [=a falling rock killed him]他是被一块坠落的岩石砸死的。 168. I was greatly surprised by the result. [=the result surprised me greatly]结果令我大感惊讶。 169. He opened the door by (using) force. [=he used force to open the door]他靠蛮力打开了门。 170. She succeeded by pure determination.她完全凭借决心获得了成功。 171. You can reset the machine by pressing this button. [=you can press this button to reset the machine]你可以按这个按钮重新设置这台机器。 172. He began his speech by thanking the President and ended it by telling a joke.他的讲话以感谢总统开始，以一个笑话结束。 173. a play (written) by William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚的剧作 174. This is a portrait of Gaugin (that was painted) by Van Gogh.这是凡·高创作的高庚的肖像画。 175. Some people came by [=via] train while others came by car.有些人是坐火车来的，而另一些人是坐汽车来的。 176. "He returned by [=on, via] the last train."他是乘末班火车回来的。 177. They sent him a message by [=via] e-mail.他们用电子邮件给他发了条信息。 178. We drove here by the back roads.我们是从小路开车过来的。 179. "We entered by [=through, via] the front door."我们是从前门进来的。 180. The American writer Samuel L. Clemens was known by the name “Mark Twain.”美国作家塞缪尔·L.克莱门斯更为人知的名字是“马克·吐温”。 181. Her full name is Elizabeth but she goes by (the nickname) “Lizzie.”她的全名是伊丽莎白，但昵称是“莉齐”。 182. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is usually referred to by its initials “FBI.”人们通常用首字母组合FBI来指代联邦调查局。 183. He called her by name. [=he used her name when he spoke to her]他跟她讲话时直呼其名。 184. I know her by sight but not by name. [=I know what she looks like but I don't know her name]我知道她的长相但不知道她叫什么名字。 185. I swear by [=in the name of] all that's sacred that everything I've said is true.我以神的名义起誓：我说的话句句是真的。 186. "He always said he'd retire to Hawaii, and by God, he did it!"他总说退休后要搬到夏威夷去，天啊，他真的这么做了！ 187. What do you mean by “acceptable levels?” [=what levels do you consider acceptable?]你说的“可以接受的水平”是什么意思？ 188. "She called my theory “interesting,” but I don't know what she meant by that. [=I don't know whether she was being sincere, polite, etc.]"她说我的理论“有意思”，我不知道她这么说是什么意思。 189. It's hard to know what the author intended by this phrase.很难知道作者使用这个短语的用意。 190. He grasped the shovel by the/its handle. [=he grasped the handle of the shovel]他握着铁锹的锹把儿。 191. She grabbed him by the arm. [=she grabbed his arm]她抓住了他的胳膊。 192. He held/took his daughter by the/her hand. [=he held/took his daughter's hand]他拉着女儿的手。 193. "New York by night [=at night, during the night] is very different from New York by day. [=during the day]"夜晚的纽约与白天的纽约大不相同。 194. The landscape looked very different when we saw it by daylight than it had by moonlight.这景色在日光下与在月光下看到的完全不同。 195. She was trying to read by the light of a single candle.她当时正在试图借着一支蜡烛的光看书。 196. We need to leave by noon at the latest.我们最晚要在正午离开。 197. They should be here by tomorrow.他们明天应该到了。 198. I don't know where she is. She should have been back by now.我不知道她在哪儿。现在她本该回来了。 199. by this time next year she hopes to have a new job.她希望明年的这个时候找到份新工作。 200. "She's planning to get married next year, by which time she hopes to have a new job."她计划明年结婚，而且希望那时能有份新工作。 201. by 2000 the U.S. had been an independent country for more than 200 years.至2000年，美国已经独立200多年了。 202. They didn't play by the rules.他们不按规则比赛。 203. You shouldn't judge other people by (their) appearances.你不应该以貌取人。 204. by my watch it's nearly noon. [=my watch says that it's nearly noon]我的表显示已经快正午了。 205. The eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打卖。 206. She gets paid by the hour.她按小时取酬。 207. They have been making progress by small degrees.他们一直在一点一点地进步。 208. multiply 8 by 12*8乘以12 209. divide 10 by 4*10除以4 210. The room measures 15 feet by 20 feet.这房间15英尺宽20英尺长。 211. The horse won the race by a nose.这匹马以微弱优势赢得了比赛。 212. She's taller than I am by several inches. [=she's several inches taller than I am]她比我高几英寸。 213. The price has been increased by five dollars.价格涨了五美元。 214. This one is better by far than that one. [=this one is much better than that one]这个比那个好多了。 215. She's a lawyer by profession.她的职业是律师。 216. "He's French by birth, although he has lived in America for many years."尽管已在美国生活了许多年，但他在血统上是法国人。 217. I'm an optimist by nature. [=it is my nature to be optimistic]我天生就是乐观的人。 218. The work is getting done bit by bit. [=the work is getting done gradually in small amounts]工作正在一点一点地进行。 219. He's getting better little by little.他正在逐渐好转。 220. His health is growing worse day by day. = His health is growing worse by the day. [=his health is growing worse every day]他的身体一天不如一天。 221. The situation is getting more dangerous by the second/minute/hour.情况每秒钟/分钟/小时都在变得更为危险。 222. "They entered the room two by two. [=two at a time] [=two of them entered the room, then two more entered the room, etc.]"他们两个两个地走进房间。 223. "I solved the problems one by one. [=I solved the first problem, then the second one, etc.]"我把问题一个一个地解决了。 224. Whatever you want to do is fine/okay by me. [=I am willing to agree to whatever you want to do]你想做什么我都同意。 225. He always did right by his children. [=he always did the right things to help his children]他总是用恰当的方法帮助自己的孩子们。 226. He had two daughters by his first wife and a son by his second wife. [=his first wife was the mother of his two daughters and his second wife was the mother of his son]他与第一任妻子生有两个女儿，与第二任妻子生有一个儿子。 227. She has two children by her first husband.她与第一任丈夫生了两个孩子。 228. "I recently met his wife who, by the by [=by the way, incidentally], is a well-known author."我最近见到他太太了。顺便提一句，他太太是位知名作家。 229. "He sat (all) by himself, reading the newspaper."他独自坐着读报。 230. "The new law will help, but it can't solve the problem (all) by itself."新法会有帮助，但不可能仅靠它解决这个问题。 231. You shouldn't lift that heavy box (all) by yourself. Let me help you.你不应该一个人提那么重的箱子。我来帮你。 232. The bus went right by without stopping.公共汽车径直开了过去，没有停车。 233. We stood and applauded as the parade went/passed by.游行队伍走过时我们站起来鼓掌。 234. The last few years have gone by [=have passed] so quickly.最近几年过得真快。 235. You should be putting some money by [=aside] for your old age. [=you should be saving some money for your old age]你应该攒点钱养老。 236. Some friends stopped/came by for a chat. [=some friends came by our house for a chat]几个朋友到家里来聊天。 237. Why don't you come by later?何不稍后来我家坐坐？ 238. He did it when nobody was by. [=(more commonly) around]他做这事的时候周围没有人。 239. She lives close by. [=nearby]她住在附近。 240. "I feel sure that we'll succeed by and by. [=ultimately, in the end]"我肯定我们最终会成功。 241. "by and large [=generally, for the most part], I like the way things have gone."总体上说，我对事情的进展是满意的。 242. "by and large [=generally, usually] it takes a month for the shipment to arrive."通常情况下，装运的货物要一个月抵达。